Average MSE (ms²) and MAE (ms) for varying error percentage and duration for erroneous RR-intervals (with σ=1) and the methods used to treat the time series. (The ||MAE||₂ computation does not include variable duration cases. The table is sorted in descending order by ||MAE||₂)
| Methods/Noisy |
||MAE||₂ |
p = 10% |
p = 20% |
p = 30% |
| 1s |
3s |
5s |
7s |
Variable Duration |
1s |
3s |
5s |
7s |
Variable Duration |
1s |
3s |
5s |
7s |
Variable Duration |
| Average |
Average |
Average |
Average |
Average |
Average |
Average |
Average |
Average |
Average |
Average |
Average |
Average |
Average |
Average |
| MSE |
MAE |
MSE |
MAE |
MSE |
MAE |
MSE |
MAE |
MSE |
MAE |
MSE |
MAE |
MSE |
MAE |
MSE |
MAE |
MSE |
MAE |
MSE |
MAE |
MSE |
MAE |
MSE |
MAE |
MSE |
MAE |
MSE |
MAE |
MSE |
MAE |
| Noisy (σ = 1) |
502.56 |
6.73×10⁴ |
66.87 |
6.93×10⁴ |
68.5 |
7.01×10⁴ |
69.47 |
7.20×10⁴ |
71.26 |
7.06×10⁴ |
69.79 |
1.34×10⁵ |
132.66 |
1.35×10⁵ |
133.96 |
1.37×10⁵ |
135.56 |
1.38×10⁵ |
136.84 |
1.37×10⁵ |
135.44 |
2.01×10⁵ |
198.44 |
2.02×10⁵ |
199.93 |
2.03×10⁵ |
201.28 |
2.04×10⁵ |
202.46 |
2.02×10⁵ |
200.58 |
| CSI |
263.21 |
617.87 |
4.73 |
4.04×10³ |
11.01 |
1.61×10⁴ |
19.23 |
3.46×10⁴ |
29.94 |
1.48×10⁴ |
19.74 |
3.58×10³ |
12.82 |
2.60×10⁴ |
29.05 |
1.54×10⁵ |
50.32 |
1.75×10⁵ |
75.34 |
7.68×10⁴ |
46.91 |
1.65×10⁹ |
145.06 |
2.60×10⁶ |
68.05 |
7.88×10⁵ |
101.82 |
1.48×10⁶ |
151.26 |
2.33×106 |
92.67 |
| GP (Linear) |
221.54 |
1.29×10⁴ |
29.42 |
1.29×10⁴ |
29.47 |
1.29×10⁴ |
29.53 |
1.32×10⁴ |
29.99 |
1.29×10⁴ |
29.37 |
2.57×10⁴ |
58.83 |
2.61×10⁴ |
59.34 |
2.57×10⁴ |
58.93 |
2.60×10⁴ |
59.34 |
2.56×10⁴ |
58.56 |
3.89×10⁴ |
88.66 |
3.91×10⁴ |
88.95 |
3.90×10⁴ |
88.90 |
3.90×10⁴ |
89.01 |
3.82×10⁴ |
87.71 |
| GP (RBF) |
26.46 |
81.32 |
2.00 |
150.89 |
2.63 |
292.19 |
3.47 |
588.76 |
4.71 |
323.17 |
3.64 |
176.19 |
4.14 |
339.88 |
5.49 |
670.91 |
7.23 |
1.31×10³ |
9.7 |
697.62 |
7.42 |
294.74 |
6.48 |
574.12 |
8.49 |
1.11×10³ |
11.20 |
2.09×10³ |
14.90 |
1083.31 |
11.13 |
| GP (Periodic) |
26.28 |
215.55 |
3.41 |
223.00 |
3.47 |
227.18 |
3.52 |
238.81 |
3.58 |
230.56 |
3.53 |
4.29.70 |
6.83 |
449.11 |
6.98 |
461.10 |
7.07 |
470.92 |
7.14 |
461.47 |
7.07 |
646.33 |
10.26 |
680.62 |
10.50 |
697.51 |
10.64 |
721.18 |
10.79 |
691.37 |
10.58 |
| GP (Matérn 3/2) |
22.84 |
63.37 |
1.74 |
123.04 |
2.43 |
186.58 |
3.01 |
273.77 |
3.63 |
193.43 |
3.03 |
144.78 |
3.72 |
275.70 |
5.17 |
431.04 |
6.48 |
608.69 |
7.68 |
434.97 |
6.45 |
241.97 |
5.85 |
449.23 |
7.99 |
714.75 |
10.12 |
1.02×10³ |
12.18 |
668.14 |
9.73 |
| GP (Matérn 5/2) |
22.40 |
65.65 |
1.77 |
137.78 |
2.46 |
223.81 |
3.11 |
364.52 |
3.92 |
225.17 |
3.13 |
144.67 |
3.72 |
276.40 |
4.99 |
479.18 |
6.38 |
761.65 |
7.93 |
453.42 |
6.29 |
241.94 |
5.86 |
429.73 |
7.60 |
697.73 |
9.56 |
1.11×10³ |
11.90 |
647.29 |
9.28 |
| GP (Brownian) |
20.07 |
78.89 |
2.01 |
124.28 |
2.52 |
154.77 |
2.82 |
182.51 |
3.06 |
152.31 |
2.8 |
166.03 |
4.13 |
252.79 |
5.08 |
318.22 |
5.73 |
361.87 |
6.13 |
306.06 |
5.61 |
270.00 |
6.44 |
389.21 |
7.74 |
484.46 |
8.64 |
551.94 |
9.26 |
459.28 |
8.42 |
| GP (Exponential) |
18.84 |
61.67 |
1.73 |
105.90 |
2.27 |
142.31 |
2.66 |
179.97 |
2.99 |
142.0 |
2.64 |
129.76 |
3.55 |
217.40 |
4.61 |
297.15 |
5.43 |
359.23 |
6.01 |
286.79 |
5.32 |
213.73 |
5.55 |
341.27 |
7.07 |
456.18 |
8.22 |
548.73 |
9.10 |
431.6 |
7.99 |
| GP (RQ) |
17.86 |
56.85 |
1.65 |
97.58 |
2.18 |
127.63 |
2.52 |
156.47 |
2.80 |
126.32 |
2.50 |
120.11 |
3.40 |
200.00 |
4.43 |
265.23 |
5.15 |
311.63 |
5.62 |
255.06 |
5.03 |
198.63 |
5.33 |
312.18 |
6.79 |
406.98 |
7.80 |
476.98 |
8.52 |
384.41 |
7.56 |