Non-Linear HRV Parameters Deviation from the GT Estimated from the Noisy and Reconstructed Series (The values are in percentage deviation)
P D Noisy/Reconstructed Non-Linear
alpha1 alpha2 SampEn ApEn SD1 SD2
10% 1 Noisy (σ = 1) 26.87 23.32 75.63 58.39 1.91 × 103 399.80
CSI 3.45 4.13 5.15 3.42 18.58 10.83
GP (Linear) 14.38 18.02 48.24 34.64 468.65 167.38
GP (Periodic) 5.34 2.87 7.47 4.17 8.56 5.13
GP (Brownian) 1.50 2.87 3.38 1.66 3.75 1.93
GP (Exponential) 2.49 1.67 5.46 2.87 4.96 0.93
GP (Matern 3/2/5/2) 1.85/2.31 1.56/1.60 4.39/3.94 2.66/2.21 3.80/4.04 1.01/1.01
GP (RBF/RQ) 2.00/2.01 1.78/1.58 2.67/5.05 1.49/2.85 3.05/4.69 1.12/0.94
3 Noisy (σ =1) 26.79 18.52 80.38 69.57 1.93 × 103 409.65
CSI 7.83 8.42 20.92 15.63 42.22 55.33
GP (Linear) 14.84 13.60 52.38 40.96 284.51 185.89
GP (Periodic) 2.06 3.53 9.34 2.11 3.17 4.61
GP (Brownian) 1.60 4.30 6.09 2.45 4.53 2.13
GP (Exponential) 2.52 3.00 7.36 3.40 5.20 1.41
GP (Matern 3/2/5/2) 2.47/3.03 2.59/2.57 6.33/6.08 3.23/3.01 3.99/4.31 1.67/1.66
GP (RBF/RQ) 2.60/1.99 2.65/2.76 5.19/6.75 5.19/3.19 3.68/5.02 1.78/1.59
5 Noisy (σ = 1) 28.73 16.35 81.66 72.64 1.92 × 103 411.42
CSI 15.11 13.24 37.68 30.64 67.01 129.26
GP (Linear) 20.71 17.12 53.26 43.23 221.67 188.62
GP (Periodic) 1.74 3.73 14.27 2.63 2.66 4.51
GP (Brownian) 1.64 5.16 8.80 3.23 4.81 2.13
GP (Exponential) 2.50 4.08 9.43 3.94 5.27 1.60
GP (Matern 3/2/5/2) 3.07/3.62 3.50/3.54 7.72/7.43 3.74/3.60 4.09/4.25 2.50/2.82
GP (RBF/RQ) 3.35/1.92 3.85/3.58 7.05/8.65 3.47/3.56 3.63/5.13 4.02/1.91
7 Noisy (σ =1) 30.49 15.39 82.58 74.58 1.95 × 103 418.71
CSI 21.56 21.28 52.66 45.39 89.49 227.84
GP (Linear) 21.62 22.90 53.87 44.64 183.19 192.19
GP (Periodic) 1.61 3.82 17.41 3.27 2.83 4.41
GP (Brownian) 1.61 5.87 11.09 3.89 5.03 2.17
GP (Exponential) 2.43 5.07 11.37 4.46 5.36 1.76
GP (Matern 3/2/5/2) 3.49/4.16 4.55/4.73 8.98/8.61 4.32/4.31 4.27/4.23 3.52/4.67
GP (RBF/RQ) 4.29/1.84 5.41/4.25 9.11/10.73 4.98/3.99 3.60/5.24 8.43/2.17
Variable Duration Noisy (σ =1) 28.81 17.19 81.22 71.48 1.95 × 103 413.53
CSI 15.40 15.86 40.65 33.43 65.79 146.35
GP (Linear) 16.51 17.13 52.95 42.73 225.83 183.21
GP (Periodic) 1.76 3.65 12.70 2.35 2.60 4.54
GP (Brownian) 1.64 5.15 8.65 3.14 4.74 2.11
GP (Exponential) 2.46 4.17 9.46 3.92 5.24 1.58
GP (Matern 3/2/5/2) 2.98/3.50 3.60/3.73 7.59/7.15 3.78/3.58 4.09/4.23 2.76/3.01
GP (RBF/RQ) 3.42/1.89 4.27/3.57 7.05/8.65 3.71/3.54 3.62/5.09 5.20/1.89
20% 1 Noisy (σ = 1) 33.80 30.42 73.98 45.47 2.73 × 103 597.56
CSI 6.74 7.79 16.04 11.51 71.43 47.79
GP (Linear) 21.95 23.59 52.68 34.23 669.01 257.53
GP (Periodic) 9.98 4.68 10.06 5.82 14.75 10.41
GP (Brownian) 2.78 5.85 6.48 3.01 7.63 4.01
GP (Exponential) 5.17 2.87 12.08 6.53 10.21 1.79
GP (Matern 3/2/5/2) 3.57/4.50 2.54/2.70 9.15/7.92 5.75/4.46 7.58/8.14 2.02/2.02
GP (RBF/RQ) 3.98/4.12 3.00/2.63 5.11/10.97 2.72/6.32 6.26/9.68 2.17/1.94
3 Noisy (σ =1) 31.96 25.69 83.17 62.69 2.73 × 103 603.08
CSI 13.75 12.66 42.83 35.22 131.73 174.50
GP (Linear) 16.77 17.26 61.45 47.06 426.75 283.78
GP (Periodic) 3.56 5.50 24.75 4.75 5.39 9.41
GP (Brownian) 2.88 8.45 14.08 5.51 9.24 4.25
GP (Exponential) 5.13 5.47 16.12 7.65 10.65 2.58
GP (Matern 3/2/5/2) 5.02/5.65 4.10/4.15 13.77/13.73 7.30/6.67 7.82/8.85 3.44/2.92
GP (RBF/RQ) 5.27/3.89 4.44/4.87 12.01/15.12 5.55/7.24 7.49/10.29 3.65/3.15
5 Noisy (σ =1) 33.59 22.87 85.71 67.95 2.74 × 103 606.33
CSI 24.19 18.22 59.93 51.77 202.84 363.77
GP (Linear) 26.67 16.94 63.61 52.02 337.78 287.38
GP (Periodic) 2.65 5.89 33.21 6.89 4.74 9.13
GP (Brownian) 2.94 10.78 19.42 7.35 9.96 4.14
GP (Exponential) 5.09 8.08 19.93 8.75 10.93 2.81
GP (Matern 3/2/5/2) 6.37/6.85 5.60/5.88 16.05/16.04 8.41/7.99 7.95/8.86 5.53/5.05
GP (RBF/RQ) 6.57/3.68 6.34/6.99 15.57/19.05 7.89/8.12 7.33/10.64 8.17/3.77
7 Noisy (σ =1) 35.15 20.38 87.08 70.89 2.75 × 103 611.47
CSI 31.75 26.55 72.21 64.09 233.91 539.84
GP (Linear) 29.77 22.04 65.05 55.17 281.57 291.58
GP (Periodic) 2.66 5.81 37.52 8.48 5.33 8.93
GP (Brownian) 3.03 12.07 23.91 8.91 10.28 4.00
GP (Exponential) 5.00 10.04 23.82 9.89 10.97 2.93
GP (Matern 3/2/5/2) 7.21/7.99 7.64/7.94 18.38/18.02 9.62/9.43 8.25/8.65 7.79/8.65
GP (RBF/RQ) 8.27/3.57 8.62/8.27 19.26/23.21 11.03/9.10 7.06/10.73 17.82/4.18
Variable Duration Noisy (σ =1) 33.35 23.73 84.55 65.42 2.75 × 103 606.89
CSI 23.72 20.85 59.76 51.40 157.22 326.89
GP (Linear) 20.10 16.64 62.80 50.31 347.82 282.78
GP (Periodic) 2.87 5.74 29.42 5.74 4.59 9.29
GP (Brownian) 2.97 10.29 18.67 6.95 9.83 4.11
GP (Exponential) 5.09 7.83 19.74 8.57 10.92 2.76
GP (Matern 3/2/5/2) 6.21/6.63 5.95/6.20 15.65/15.53 8.38/7.85 7.95/8.83 6.12/5.41
GP (RBF/RQ) 6.76/3.74 6.97/6.64 15.01/18.78 8.01/7.92 7.16/10.60 10.34/3.71
30% 1 Noisy (σ =1) 39.13 34.49 66.84 31.25 3.36 × 103 748.69
CSI 10.38 12.27 40.20 31.26 2.43 × 104 6.51 × 103
GP (Linear) 28.63 24.93 51.55 31.33 804.40 324.00
GP (Periodic) 14.26 6.40 10.69 6.19 19.21 15.96
GP (Brownian) 4.13 9.84 11.39 5.09 11.84 6.29
GP (Exponential) 8.12 4.60 19.75 11.14 15.97 2.77
GP (Matern 3/2/5/2) 5.42/6.66 3.59/4.27 15.49/13.27 10.03/7.33 11.64/12.47 3.15/3.28
GP (RBF/RQ) 6.05/6.36 4.81/4.23 9.24/18.20 4.70/10.72 9.76/15.17 3.49/3.18
3 Noisy (σ =1) 36.10 30.94 80.94 49.23 3.37 × 103 754.88
CSI 18.79 16.48 62.49 53.06 532.44 604.77
GP (Linear) 15.75 20.39 63.99 47.31 530.14 353.51
GP (Periodic) 5.32 7.66 37.19 8.76 7.43 14.54
GP (Brownian) 4.34 13.50 22.74 9.53 14.34 6.51
GP (Exponential) 8.19 8.60 25.02 12.72 16.60 3.77
GP (Matern 3/2/5/2) 7.93/8.14 5.72/6.26 21.61/21.92 12.25/11.10 12.42/13.81 5.23/4.16
GP (RBF/RQ) 7.83/6.10 6.67/7.69 19.75/23.86 9.75/12.08 11.57/16.05 5.99/4.98
5 Noisy (σ =1) 36.56 28.44 84.84 55.57 3.36 × 103 758.25
CSI 30.01 21.65 74.85 64.99 489.81 811.27
GP (Linear) 28.28 17.53 67.70 54.38 426.61 359.39
GP (Periodic) 3.72 8.02 46.44 12.45 7.00 13.99
GP (Brownian) 4.50 16.40 29.65 12.35 15.40 6.24
GP (Exponential) 8.16 12.03 29.90 14.33 16.93 3.99
GP (Matern 3/2/5/2) 9.86/9.65 7.74/8.29 24.21/25.09 13.91/13.23 12.26/13.87 8.68/6.85
GP (RBF/RQ) 9.79/5.78 8.96/10.41 24.54/28.94 13.43/13.45 11.35/16.49 13.75/5.83
7 Noisy (σ = 1) 37.90 25.76 87.02 59.29 3.37 × 103 759.21
CSI 38.10 29.61 83.08 73.22 673.41 1.31 × 103
GP (Linear) 33.37 19.79 69.77 58.75 358.00 362.91
GP (Periodic) 3.56 8.15 51.25 14.81 8.15 13.67
GP (Brownian) 4.60 18.71 35.35 14.79 16.03 6.06
GP (Exponential) 7.96 15.36 34.85 16.12 17.13 4.11
GP (Matern 3/2/5/2) 11.54/11.37 10.57/11.22 26.58/27.37 15.74/15.21 12.33/13.65 13.54/12.00
GP (RBF/RQ) 11.94/5.53 12.13/12.69 28.91/34.34 17.74/15.10 11.00/16.75 27.64/6.47
Variable Duration Noisy (σ =1) 36.35 29.59 82.44 51.58 3.36 × 103 754.72
CSI 28.54 23.43 71.98 62.07 358.08 712.51
GP (Linear) 19.30 16.94 65.80 50.68 446.91 356.40
GP (Periodic) 4.13 7.50 41.28 10.23 6.47 14.24
GP (Brownian) 4.46 15.85 28.10 11.53 15.06 6.26
GP (Exponential) 8.06 11.68 29.29 14.02 16.86 3.88
GP (Matern 3/2/5/2) 9.26/9.20 8.25/8.76 23.55/23.99 13.52/12.57 12.34/13.74 8.75/6.72
GP (RBF/RQ) 9.60/5.81 9.64/10.00 23.37/28.28 12.98/13.09 11.07/16.37 15.33/5.65